Financial Metrics and Characteristics
Valuations
Min = (Profit * (2 + 2 * min(YoY revenue increase %, 25))) + (Total assets - Total liabilities), Max = (Profit * (8 + 2 * min(YoY revenue increase %, 25))) + (Total assets - Total liabilities)
High Growth
YoY revenue increase >20%
Consistent Growth
YoY revenue increase >15% for 3 consecutive years
Strong Balance Sheet Growth
YoY increase in both assets and equity > 10% for 3+ years
High Profit Margin
Profit of >30% of revenue
Consistent Profit Growth
Positive YoY profit change for 3+ consecutive years
Consistently Profitable
Positive profit for 5+ consecutive years
High Return on Equity
(Profit / Equity) > 20%
Improving Gross Margins
YoY increase in (Gross profit / Revenue) > 2%
High Operating Leverage
% increase in operating profit > % increase in revenue
Increasing Operating Leverage
YoY increase in (% change in operating profit / % change in revenue)
Cash-Rich
Cash on hand > 25% of total assets
Low Debt Burden
Total liabilities < 50% of total assets
Strong Operating Cash Flow
Operating cash flow > Net income
Positive Free Cash Flow
Operating cash flow - Capital expenditures > 0
Improving Cash Flow Margin
YoY increase in (Operating cash flow / Revenue)
High Cash Flow to Debt Ratio
Operating cash flow / Total debt > 0.5
Strong Current Ratio
Current assets / current liabilities > 150%
Improving Working Capital
YoY increase in (current assets / current liabilities)
Asset-Light
Fixed assets < 15% of annual revenue
Asset-Rich
Total assets > 2 * annual revenue
Capital-Intensive
PP&E > 50% of total assets
Expanding Workforce
YoY employee count increase >15%
High Productivity
Revenue per employee > £250,000
Fast Inventory Turnover
Cost of sales / average inventory > 6
Improving Asset Utilization
YoY revenue increase rate > YoY asset increase rate
Improving Asset Turnover
YoY increase in (revenue / total assets) > 5%
High Accounts Receivable
Debtors > 20% of annual revenue
Increasing Admin Expenses
Increase in admin expenses outpaces revenue increase
High Interest Expense
Interest payable as % of revenue or operating profit > 25%
High Tax Burden
(Tax / Profit before tax) > 25%
Volatile Earnings
Profit standard deviation > 30% of mean profit over 5 years
Declining Margins
YoY profit decrease as % of revenue for minimum 2 years
Declining Fixed Assets
YoY decrease in fixed assets
High Current Liabilities
Current liabilities > 60% of total assets
Debt-Heavy
Total liabilities > 70% of total assets
Significant Non-Operating Income
(Total profit - Operating profit) > 20% of Total profit
High Depreciation
Depreciation charge / PP&E gross cost >15%
Increasing CapEx
YoY increase in PP&E gross cost > 10%
Tax-Efficient
(Tax on profit / Profit before tax) < 15%