Financial Metrics and Characteristics

Valuations

Min = (Profit * (2 + 2 * min(YoY revenue increase %, 25))) + (Total assets - Total liabilities), Max = (Profit * (8 + 2 * min(YoY revenue increase %, 25))) + (Total assets - Total liabilities)

High Growth

YoY revenue increase >20%

Consistent Growth

YoY revenue increase >15% for 3 consecutive years

Strong Balance Sheet Growth

YoY increase in both assets and equity > 10% for 3+ years

High Profit Margin

Profit of >30% of revenue

Consistent Profit Growth

Positive YoY profit change for 3+ consecutive years

Consistently Profitable

Positive profit for 5+ consecutive years

High Return on Equity

(Profit / Equity) > 20%

Improving Gross Margins

YoY increase in (Gross profit / Revenue) > 2%

High Operating Leverage

% increase in operating profit > % increase in revenue

Increasing Operating Leverage

YoY increase in (% change in operating profit / % change in revenue)

Cash-Rich

Cash on hand > 25% of total assets

Low Debt Burden

Total liabilities < 50% of total assets

Strong Operating Cash Flow

Operating cash flow > Net income

Positive Free Cash Flow

Operating cash flow - Capital expenditures > 0

Improving Cash Flow Margin

YoY increase in (Operating cash flow / Revenue)

High Cash Flow to Debt Ratio

Operating cash flow / Total debt > 0.5

Strong Current Ratio

Current assets / current liabilities > 150%

Improving Working Capital

YoY increase in (current assets / current liabilities)

Asset-Light

Fixed assets < 15% of annual revenue

Asset-Rich

Total assets > 2 * annual revenue

Capital-Intensive

PP&E > 50% of total assets

Expanding Workforce

YoY employee count increase >15%

High Productivity

Revenue per employee > £250,000

Fast Inventory Turnover

Cost of sales / average inventory > 6

Improving Asset Utilization

YoY revenue increase rate > YoY asset increase rate

Improving Asset Turnover

YoY increase in (revenue / total assets) > 5%

High Accounts Receivable

Debtors > 20% of annual revenue

Increasing Admin Expenses

Increase in admin expenses outpaces revenue increase

High Interest Expense

Interest payable as % of revenue or operating profit > 25%

High Tax Burden

(Tax / Profit before tax) > 25%

Volatile Earnings

Profit standard deviation > 30% of mean profit over 5 years

Declining Margins

YoY profit decrease as % of revenue for minimum 2 years

Declining Fixed Assets

YoY decrease in fixed assets

High Current Liabilities

Current liabilities > 60% of total assets

Debt-Heavy

Total liabilities > 70% of total assets

Significant Non-Operating Income

(Total profit - Operating profit) > 20% of Total profit

High Depreciation

Depreciation charge / PP&E gross cost >15%

Increasing CapEx

YoY increase in PP&E gross cost > 10%

Tax-Efficient

(Tax on profit / Profit before tax) < 15%